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    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/c438df/" class="sidebar-link">01_认识 Python</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/54ff73/" class="sidebar-link">02_第一个 Python 程序</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">03_PyCharm 的初始设置(知道)</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#目标" class="sidebar-link">目标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_01-恢复-pycharm-的初始设置" class="sidebar-link">01. 恢复 PyCharm 的初始设置</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_02-第一次启动-pycharm" class="sidebar-link">02. 第一次启动 PyCharm</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_2-1-导入配置信息" class="sidebar-link">2.1 导入配置信息</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_2-2-选择许可协议" class="sidebar-link">2.2 选择许可协议</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_2-3-pycharm-的配置初始界面" class="sidebar-link">2.3 PyCharm 的配置初始界面</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_2-4-欢迎界面" class="sidebar-link">2.4 欢迎界面</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_03-新建-打开一个-python-项目" class="sidebar-link">03. 新建/打开一个 Python 项目</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_3-1-项目简介" class="sidebar-link">3.1 项目简介</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_3-2-打开-python-项目" class="sidebar-link">3.2 打开 Python 项目</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_3-3-新建项目" class="sidebar-link">3.3 新建项目</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_04-设置-pycharm-的字体显示" class="sidebar-link">04. 设置 PyCharm 的字体显示</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_05-pycharm-的升级以及其他" class="sidebar-link">05. PyCharm 的升级以及其他</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_5-1-安装和启动步骤" class="sidebar-link">5.1 安装和启动步骤</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_5-2-设置专业版启动图标" class="sidebar-link">5.2 设置专业版启动图标</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_5-3-卸载之前版本的-pycharm" class="sidebar-link">5.3 卸载之前版本的 PyCharm</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d84b0c/#_5-4-教育版安装演练" class="sidebar-link">5.4 教育版安装演练</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/d99c19/" class="sidebar-link">04_多文件项目的演练</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/6bdfff/" class="sidebar-link">05_注释</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/20b1cf/" class="sidebar-link">06_算数运算符</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/82298a/" class="sidebar-link">07_程序执行原理(科普)</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/9b2741/" class="sidebar-link">08_变量的基本使用</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/3e8319/" class="sidebar-link">09_变量的命名</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/a02b0a/" class="sidebar-link">10_判断语句</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/79d78c/" class="sidebar-link">11_运算符</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/3ce888/" class="sidebar-link">12_循环</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/ceea69/" class="sidebar-link">13_函数基础</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/e158a8/" class="sidebar-link">14_高级变量类型</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/ed6fdd/" class="sidebar-link">15_名片管理系统(综合应用)</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/e98ba6/" class="sidebar-link">16_变量进阶(理解)</a></li><li><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/pages/f99095/" class="sidebar-link">17_函数进阶</a></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/vdoing-demo-repository/python/#Python" data-v-06225672>Python</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><!----> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2023-04-02</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="">03_PyCharm 的初始设置(知道)<!----></h1> <!----> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="pycharm-的初始设置-知道"><a href="#pycharm-的初始设置-知道" class="header-anchor">#</a> PyCharm 的初始设置（知道）</h1> <h2 id="目标"><a href="#目标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 目标</h2> <ul><li>恢复 PyCharm 的初始设置</li> <li>第一次启动 PyCharm</li> <li>新建一个 Python 项目</li> <li>设置 PyCharm 的字体显示</li> <li>PyCharm 的升级以及其他</li></ul> <p>PyCharm 的官方网站地址是：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/</p> <h2 id="_01-恢复-pycharm-的初始设置"><a href="#_01-恢复-pycharm-的初始设置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 01. 恢复 PyCharm 的初始设置</h2> <p><code>PyCharm</code> 的 <strong>配置信息</strong> 是保存在 <strong>用户家目录下</strong> 的 <code>.PyCharmxxxx.x</code> 目录下的，<code>xxxx.x</code> 表示当前使用的 <code>PyCharm</code> 的版本号</p> <p>如果要恢复 <code>PyCharm</code> 的初始设置，可以按照以下步骤进行：</p> <ul><li><ol><li>关闭正在运行的 <code>PyCharm</code></li></ol></li> <li><ol start="2"><li>在终端中执行以下终端命令，删除 <code>PyCharm</code> 的配置信息目录：</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> ~/.PyCharm2016.3
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="3"><li>重新启动 <code>PyCharm</code></li></ol></li></ul> <h2 id="_02-第一次启动-pycharm"><a href="#_02-第一次启动-pycharm" class="header-anchor">#</a> 02. 第一次启动 PyCharm</h2> <ol><li>导入配置信息</li> <li>选择许可协议</li> <li>配置初始界面</li></ol> <h3 id="_2-1-导入配置信息"><a href="#_2-1-导入配置信息" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.1 导入配置信息</h3> <ul><li>在第一次启动 <code>PyCharm</code> 时，会首先提示用户是否导入 <strong>之前的配置信息</strong></li> <li>如果是第一次使用，直接点击 <strong>OK</strong> 按钮</li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/001_PyCharm%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%A5%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF.png" alt="001_PyCharm导入配置信息-w603"></p> <h3 id="_2-2-选择许可协议"><a href="#_2-2-选择许可协议" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.2 选择许可协议</h3> <ul><li>PyCharm 是一个付费软件，购买费用为 <strong>199$ / 年</strong> 或者 <strong>19.90$ ／ 月</strong></li> <li>不过 PyCharm 提供了对 <strong>学生和教师免费使用的版本</strong> <ul><li>下载地址是：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm-edu/download/#section=linux</li></ul></li> <li>商业版本会提示输入注册信息，或者选择免费评估</li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/002_%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81.png" alt="002_激活许可证-w495"></p> <h3 id="_2-3-pycharm-的配置初始界面"><a href="#_2-3-pycharm-的配置初始界面" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.3 PyCharm 的配置初始界面</h3> <ul><li>在初始配置界面，可以通过 <code>Editor colors and fonts</code> 选择 <strong>编辑器的配色方案</strong></li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/003_PyCharm%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2.png" alt="003_PyCharm初始配置界面-w491"></p> <h3 id="_2-4-欢迎界面"><a href="#_2-4-欢迎界面" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.4 欢迎界面</h3> <ul><li>所有基础配置工作结束之后，就可以看到 <code>PyCharm</code> 的 <strong>欢迎界面</strong>了，通过 <strong>欢迎界面</strong> 就可以开始开发 Python 项目了</li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/004_PyCharm%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2.png" alt="004_PyCharm欢迎页面-w664"></p> <h2 id="_03-新建-打开一个-python-项目"><a href="#_03-新建-打开一个-python-项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 03. 新建/打开一个 Python 项目</h2> <h3 id="_3-1-项目简介"><a href="#_3-1-项目简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.1 项目简介</h3> <ul><li>开发 <strong>项目</strong> 就是开发一个 <strong>专门解决一个复杂业务功能的软件</strong></li> <li>通常每 <strong>一个项目</strong> 就具有一个 <strong>独立专属的目录</strong>，用于保存 <strong>所有和项目相关的文件</strong> <ul><li>一个项目通常会包含 <strong>很多源文件</strong></li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="_3-2-打开-python-项目"><a href="#_3-2-打开-python-项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.2 打开 Python 项目</h3> <ul><li>直接点击 <strong>Open</strong> 按钮，然后浏览到之前保存 <strong>Python 文件的目录</strong>，既可以打开项目</li> <li>打开之后，会在目录下新建一个 <code>.idea</code> 的目录，用于保存 <strong>项目相关的信息</strong>，例如：<strong>解释器版本</strong>、<strong>项目包含的文件</strong>等等</li> <li>第一次打开项目，需要耐心等待 <code>PyCharm</code> 对项目<strong>进行初始设置</strong></li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/005_%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%E5%B7%B2%E6%9C%89Python%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE.png" alt="005_打开已有Python项目-w423"></p> <h4 id="设置项目使用的解释器版本"><a href="#设置项目使用的解释器版本" class="header-anchor">#</a> 设置项目使用的解释器版本</h4> <ul><li>打开的目录如果不是由 <code>PyCharm</code> 建立的项目目录，<strong>有的时候</strong> 使用的解释器版本是 <code>Python 2.x</code> 的，需要<strong>单独设置解释器的版本</strong></li> <li>通过 <strong>File</strong> / <strong>Settings...</strong> 可以打开设置窗口，如下图所示：</li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/006_%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC.png" alt="006_选择项目的解释器版本-w975"></p> <h3 id="_3-3-新建项目"><a href="#_3-3-新建项目" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3.3 新建项目</h3> <h4 id="_1-命名规则"><a href="#_1-命名规则" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1) 命名规则</h4> <ul><li><p>以后 <strong>项目名</strong> 前面都以 <strong>数字编号</strong>，<strong>随着知识点递增，编号递增</strong></p> <ul><li>例如：<strong>01_Python 基础</strong>、<strong>02_分支</strong>、<strong>03_循环</strong>...</li></ul></li> <li><p>每个项目下的 <strong>文件名</strong> 都以 <code>hm_xx_知识点</code> 方式来命名</p> <ul><li>其中 <strong>xx</strong> 是演练文件的序号</li></ul></li> <li><p>注意</p> <ul><li><ol><li>命名文件名时建议只使用 <strong>小写字母</strong>、<strong>数字</strong> 和 <strong>下划线</strong></li></ol></li> <li><ol start="2"><li><strong>文件名不能以数字开始</strong></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><p>通过 <strong>欢迎界面</strong> 或者菜单 <strong>File</strong> / <strong>New Project</strong> 可以新建项目</p></li></ul> <h4 id="_2-演练步骤"><a href="#_2-演练步骤" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2) 演练步骤</h4> <ul><li>新建 <code>01_Python基础</code> 项目，使用 <strong>Python 3.x 解释器</strong></li> <li>在项目下新建 <code>hm_01_hello.py</code> Python 文件</li> <li>编写 <code>print(&quot;Hello Python&quot;)</code> 代码</li></ul> <h2 id="_04-设置-pycharm-的字体显示"><a href="#_04-设置-pycharm-的字体显示" class="header-anchor">#</a> 04. 设置 PyCharm 的字体显示</h2> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/007_PyCharm%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93.png" alt="007_PyCharm设置编辑器字体-w500"></p> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/008_PyCharm%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93.png" alt="008_PyCharm设置控制台字体-w500"></p> <h2 id="_05-pycharm-的升级以及其他"><a href="#_05-pycharm-的升级以及其他" class="header-anchor">#</a> 05. PyCharm 的升级以及其他</h2> <blockquote><p>PyCharm 提供了对 <strong>学生和教师免费使用的版本</strong></p></blockquote> <ul><li>教育版下载地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm-edu/download/#section=linux</li> <li>专业版下载地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/#section=linux</li></ul> <h3 id="_5-1-安装和启动步骤"><a href="#_5-1-安装和启动步骤" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.1 安装和启动步骤</h3> <ul><li><ol><li>执行以下终端命令，解压缩下载后的安装包</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-zxvf</span> pycharm-professional-2017.1.3.tar.gz
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="2"><li>将解压缩后的目录移动到 <code>/opt</code> 目录下，可以方便其他用户使用</li></ol></li></ul> <blockquote><p><code>/opt</code> 目录用户存放给主机额外安装的软件</p></blockquote> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">mv</span> pycharm-2017.1.3/ /opt/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="3"><li>切换工作目录</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /opt/pycharm-2017.1.3/bin
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="4"><li>启动 <code>PyCharm</code></li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ ./pycharm.sh
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_5-2-设置专业版启动图标"><a href="#_5-2-设置专业版启动图标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.2 设置专业版启动图标</h3> <ul><li>在<strong>专业版</strong>中，选择菜单 <strong>Tools</strong> / <strong>Create Desktop Entry...</strong> 可以设置任务栏启动图标
<ul><li>注意：设置图标时，需要勾选 <code>Create the entry for all users</code></li></ul></li></ul> <p><img src="media/14950463298537/009_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BE%E6%A0%87.png" alt="009_创建桌面图标-w657"></p> <h3 id="_5-3-卸载之前版本的-pycharm"><a href="#_5-3-卸载之前版本的-pycharm" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.3 卸载之前版本的 PyCharm</h3> <h4 id="_1-程序安装"><a href="#_1-程序安装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1) 程序安装</h4> <ul><li><ol><li><strong>程序文件目录</strong></li></ol> <ul><li>将安装包解压缩，并且移动到 <code>/opt</code> 目录下</li> <li><strong>所有的相关文件都保存在解压缩的目录中</strong></li></ul></li> <li><ol start="2"><li><strong>配置文件目录</strong></li></ol> <ul><li>启动 <code>PyCharm</code> 后，会在用户家目录下建立一个 <code>.PyCharmxxx</code> 的隐藏目录</li> <li><strong>保存 <code>PyCharm</code> 相关的配置信息</strong></li></ul></li> <li><ol start="3"><li><strong>快捷方式文件</strong></li></ol> <ul><li><code>/usr/share/applications/jetbrains-pycharm.desktop</code></li></ul></li></ul> <blockquote><p>在 <code>ubuntu</code> 中，应用程序启动的快捷方式通常都保存在 <code>/usr/share/applications</code> 目录下</p></blockquote> <h4 id="_2-程序卸载"><a href="#_2-程序卸载" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2) 程序卸载</h4> <ul><li><p>要卸载 <code>PyCharm</code> 只需要做以下两步工作：</p></li> <li><ol><li>删除解压缩目录</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> /opt/pycharm-2016.3.1/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="2"><li>删除家目录下用于保存配置信息的隐藏目录</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span> ~/.PyCharm2016.3/
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><blockquote><p>如果不再使用 PyCharm 还需要将 <code>/usr/share/applications/</code> 下的 <code>jetbrains-pycharm.desktop</code> 删掉</p></blockquote> <h3 id="_5-4-教育版安装演练"><a href="#_5-4-教育版安装演练" class="header-anchor">#</a> 5.4 教育版安装演练</h3> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 1. 解压缩下载后的安装包</span>
$ <span class="token function">tar</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-zxvf</span> pycharm-edu-3.5.1.tar.gz

<span class="token comment"># 2. 将解压缩后的目录移动到 `/opt` 目录下，可以方便其他用户使用</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">mv</span> pycharm-edu-3.5.1/ /opt/

<span class="token comment"># 3. 启动 `PyCharm`</span>
/opt/pycharm-edu-3.5.1/bin/pycharm.sh
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><blockquote><p>后续课程<strong>都使用专业版本演练</strong></p></blockquote> <h4 id="设置启动图标"><a href="#设置启动图标" class="header-anchor">#</a> 设置启动图标</h4> <ul><li><ol><li>编辑快捷方式文件</li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code>$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> gedit /usr/share/applications/jetbrains-pycharm.desktop
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><ul><li><ol start="3"><li>按照以下内容修改文件内容，需要注意<strong>指定正确的 <code>pycharm</code> 目录</strong></li></ol></li></ul> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=PyCharm
Icon=/opt/pycharm-edu-3.5.1/bin/pycharm.png
Exec=&quot;/opt/pycharm-edu-3.5.1/bin/pycharm.sh&quot; %f
Comment=The Drive to Develop
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false
StartupWMClass=jetbrains-pycharm
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